Fractures of ankles in childrenĬhildren have two characteristic fractures: Tillaux and three-plane fractures that can involve tibial growth cartilage. They are accompanied by severe trauma to the soft tissues surrounding the ankle joint. They are multi-fragmented fractures with complete separation of the ankle joint from the tibia. The term "pilon" refers to the distal end of the tibia resulting from high-energy injuries - most often falls from a height. The fracture may be accompanied by posterior talus dislocation and tearing of the tibiofibular ligament. The most common fractures of the tibia and fibula are simultaneous.Ī triadic fracture involves the simultaneous fracture of the lateral malleolus, medial malleolus, and the posterior edge of the tibia (the "posterior ankle"). The medial malleolus rarely fractures isolated. Damage to the ligamentous joint can cause widening of the ankle forks and cause instability of the ankle joint.įracture of the medial ankle, double wedge fractures The tibiofibular ligament connects the tibia and the arrow in their lower section. Precise alignment of the fracture of the ankle is very important, because even a slight deviation from its correct positioning seriously disturbs the congureency of the ankle joint.įracture of the lateral ankle with damage to the tibiofibular ligament Fracture of the fibula may lead to its shortening and positioning in external rotation. The fibula carries 1/6 of the loads on the ankle joint. In simple terms, ankle fractures can be described as below: Due to their length, they will not be discussed here. These classifications are based on the mechanism of fracture formation, the fracture level of the lateral ankle, and hence the method of donation. The most popular of these are the Danis-Weber and Lauge-Hansen classifications. There are several classifications of ankle fractures. Otherwise, failure to achieve joint congruence may result in faster degeneration of the articular cartilage and premature development of a degenerative disease (arthrosis). The aim of the treatment of ankle fractures is the precise reconstruction of all articular surfaces while maintaining their correct alignment until the bones fully heal. Mutual correct positioning of the bones of the shin and the talus allows the articular surfaces to be closely matched to each other (the so-called joint congureency) and thus evenly distributing the load transferred to the talus.Īnkle fractures may lead to a disturbance of the above-mentioned anatomical relations, which changes the distribution of forces acting on the ankle bone and generates points of increased pressure in the area of the ankle joint cartilage. The posterior edge of the tibia is sometimes referred to as the "third ankle" and fractures in which it is involved are known as tri-bone fractures. The fibula and the tibia form a fork between which the talus bone is located.
The lateral articular surface of the ankle block and the articular surface of the lateral ankle (arrows). The medial articular surface of the talus block and the articular surface of the medial ankle (tibia), The upper articular surface of the talus bone and the inferior articular surface of the tibia, The ankle joint, or the upper ankle joint, consists of the articular surfaces: Why is precise ankle fracture alignment important?Īnkle fractures are fractures that occur within the distal epiphysis of the tibia and / or the fibula and contribute to the formation of the ankle joint. This will increase the chance of the ankle joint function being restored before the injury and will allow you to return to normal activity faster. During convalescence, the patient should strictly follow the doctor's instructions and participate in the rehabilitation process. Stable fractures, on the other hand, are subject to conservative treatment, although it should be noted that in people who are active in sports, sometimes the decision to undergo surgical treatment is also made. In the case of unstable fractures, surgical treatment is indicated. Due to the fact that these are fractures that affect the mutual adjustment of the articular surfaces of the ankle joint, treatment must fully restore the correct anatomical conditions of this area. Such a situation may occur during a sudden turn while running, getting stuck with a loaded foot, landing on a wrong foot, and also as a result of a traffic accident. The fracture mechanism is most often indirect - it occurs when the foot is at an angle to the ground and the lower leg rotates. Fractures of the ankle shin are common injuries in the area of the lower limb.
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